Wednesday, September 2, 2020
Scirr
On the bright mists, lays a serene royal residence â⬠a wonderland. A strange man looks down at the enchantment mud; as he moves his tremendous hand on the mud, a delicate figure gradually shows up. In almost no time, as he applauds, snaps his fingers, steps his feet, a-lot of guiltless faultless lives were made. ââ¬Å" You,â⬠he pointed at the ungainly cow, ââ¬Å" you need to work each day and night and you may just eat green grass. I declare, you will possess 50 years of life. â⬠He said in a delicate voice as he hands the bovine a red rose with 50 stout petals.The ungainly dairy animals gradually lifted up ââ¬Å"Dear relentless God, on the off chance that I can just work and not appreciate life, I would prefer to live for a long time. â⬠and the ungainly bovine pick 30 full petals from the rose and tosses them noticeable all around. The man gestures his head, and the dairy animals greenery as she leaves. ââ¬Å" You, sir,â⬠he pointed at the taunting monk ey ââ¬Å" you need to perform for individuals and be a jokester. I report, you will have 40 years life. â⬠He said in a thoughtful voice, and he gave the taunting monkey a red rose with 40 full petals. The ridiculing monkey yells ââ¬Å" I just need 10 years of life and bye. â⬠The monkey picks 30 full petals as he bounce and leaves the room.The man grins vulnerably and goes to the last creation. ââ¬Å" you, my flawless infant kid, you just need to rest, to play, to have some good times; you will have 10 years to make an amazing most. â⬠The man grins with affection in his eyes and he hands the kid a red rose with 10 plumps petals. The infant kid cheers and moves. An idea creeps into his pristine brain. ââ¬Å" My Lord 10 years isn't sufficient to appreciate life, I heard the awkward dairy animals allowed you 30 years back thus did the deriding monkey,â⬠he said honestly with his squinting eyes. ââ¬Å" If you love me, give me those 60 years so I may totally ma ke an incredible most. The man shakes his head and says, ââ¬Å" Whatever you like my youngster, be that as it may, donââ¬â¢t lament. â⬠God calls the fallen blossoms and reunites the full petals to the sweet stem. As time passes by , the child kid has some good times for his initial 10 years of his life, attempts to death for the accompanying 30 years and closures his existence with importuning other for 30 additional years. The bot perspectives on the world changes as he experiences various phases of his life. He acquires his revelation as he gradually dies lastly understands the decency around him. The kid shut his drained eyes with a holy messenger like grin all over as the keep going petals on the rose gradually tumble to the ground.
Saturday, August 22, 2020
A Critical analysis of The film ââ¬ÅPlatoonââ¬Â Essay
The Vietnam War was on everyoneââ¬â¢s mind in 1960s and 1970s in our nation. It was the focal point of quite a bit of Americaââ¬â¢s inconveniences during this time, yet just the soldierââ¬â¢s who battled in that war knew the genuine franticness that was Vietnam. Oliver Stone started composing Platoon in light of the fact that the Vietnam War was ââ¬Å"a pocket of our history no one understands.â⬠(Schuer t24) Platoon is a film which ought to be seen by everybody, for its true to life characteristics as well as for its noteworthy knowledge too. Unit is an Orion Pictures creation, recorded in 1986. Composed and coordinated by Oliver Stone it recounts to the frightful story of a Vietnam War not known by the American open. Tom Beringer, who plays the accomplished Sergeant Barnes, was selected in the Best Supporting Actor classification alongside Willem Defoe who plays Sergeant Elias. Charlie Sheen plays Chris Taylor, a hopeful understudy who had dropped out of school, joined the military, and chipped in for Vietnam. His vision and perspective on war all in all quickly change throughout the film. The character is based off the executive Oliver Stone, who dropped out of Yale to join the war exertion. Chris and the remainder of the troopers are uninformed of what they are getting into and are given brief period to get ready. ââ¬Å"Trapped in the confine of forefront life, living (if theyââ¬â¢re karma) from second to second, values that apply somewhere else grow dim for Barnes and othersâ⬠(Kauffman 24). While serving his time Taylor experience the war in its full range, from the achiness to visit the family and the comradery of the men to the bad dreams of fight. Peruse Also:à Critical Evaluation Essay Topics The adversary is the North Vietnamese and the Viet Cong yet you infrequently see them aside from as shadowy figures in the wilderness or quickly lit up by the light of a flare. There are no characterized fight lines and the battle scenes persuade that the foe is all over the place. The line among great and shrewdness is obscured or nonexistent in this film. Sergeant Elias is depicted as a mindful, smart pioneer who gets away from reality using drugs. His enemy, Sergeant Barnes, is depicted as an effective battling machine who will persevere relentlessly to take care of business. You before long understand that he, as well, is simply doing everything to guarantee his own endurance. Unit shows how the War influenced the officers, and how none of them feltâ that they were battling on purpose. The film shows the Vietnam experience from the normal soldierââ¬â¢s perspective. In the first place Chris Taylor is uninformed and his odds of endurance are thin. The film went past simply indicating fights, with the appearing of the ethical difficulties that the troopers confronted. The film doesn't in any capacity commend the war in Vietnam. It is an abrasive gander at what the warriors suffered while serving their nation. The men in the unit originate from varying backgrounds and everywhere throughout the nation. Anyway they all offer a similar want to serve their time and get as distant from the battling as could reasonably be expected. There isn't one trooper in the wilderness whose psyche isn't irreversibly twisted by the desolates of war. A few pundits grumble that the character improvement in the story is frail and there is no plot. J.P. Harsh of U S News and World Report expresses that ââ¬Å"The Central Plot strain â⬠the fight for a youthful privateââ¬â¢s soul between a ââ¬Å"goodâ⬠sergeant who has held humankind and a ââ¬Å"badâ⬠sergeant who has become an executing machine isn't extremely tense.â⬠However, the presentation of the whole cast in the film is the thing that separates the film from others like it. There are no genuine legends in this film and no genuine reprobates. There is only a gathering of terrified men battling for endurance in their own particular manners and tallying the days until they can leave the nation. Almost the whole film is set in a thick wilderness with tall grass and an excellent scene. The entirety of the warriors are compelled to stroll through thick wilderness with gnawing creepy crawlies, and concealed excursion wires. The camera is continually moving to give a feeling of disarray and confusion. Shots of injured men shouting and steady gunfire causes you to feel like you are in everything. The viciousness and neurosis that tormented the officers are continually evident.â⬠Complaints about the savage idea of his work evoke from Stone what may be known as the journalistââ¬â¢s barrier thatââ¬â¢s simply the manner in which it is. (Ansen 56) In request to precisely recount to the story Stone could hold back. Unit was immediately acclaimed upon itââ¬â¢s discharge as the primary really bona fide take a gander at Vietnam since the finish of the war. It was designated for some, foundation grants including, best picture, best movie altering, best solid, best executive, best cinematography, best composition, and best supporting entertainer. The movie won Academy Awards for Best Picture, Best movie altering, best sound,â and best executive. Richard Corliss of Time Magazine expresses that ââ¬Å"Stoneââ¬â¢s film is a report written in blood that after just about 20 years declines to dry.â⬠Yet behind the entirety of the renown and grants it was given, Platoon holds an underlining message. ââ¬Å"Charlie Sheen is America in its guiltlessness, and the wilderness is the dim, befuddled riddle that the war stays for us twenty years laterâ⬠(Evans 78). Unit is something other than a violent war film; it is a reasonable glance at world that we could never need to understanding. Works Cited 1. Ansen, David. ââ¬Å"A Ferocious Vietnam Frenzyâ⬠Newsweek 5 Jan. 1987: 57. 2. Corliss, Richard ââ¬Å"Platoonâ⬠Time Magazine 26 Jan. 1987:54-61. 3. Kauffmann, Stanley. ââ¬Å"An American Tragedyâ⬠The New Republic 19 Jan. 1987: 24-25. 4. Schuers, Fred. ââ¬Å"Soldierââ¬â¢s Storyâ⬠Rolling Stone 29 Jan. 1987: 22+. 5. Harsh, J.P.. ââ¬Å"Parable in the Jungleâ⬠U S News and World Report 2 March 1987: 78.
Friday, August 21, 2020
Edward taylor and Metaphor Essay Example for Free
Edward taylor and Metaphor Essay The Beauty of Metaphor A Metaphor is characterized as a syntactic gadget that ââ¬Å"compares two distinct thoughts by talking about one regarding the other. It states that one thing is another thing.â⬠One of the best artists at utilizing the allegory is Edward Taylor, a scholarly New English Puritan. In his ââ¬Å"Meditation One,â⬠Taylor thinks about ââ¬Å"Godââ¬â¢s Matchless Loveâ⬠to water, saying that it fills ââ¬Å"Heaven to the Brim!â⬠Then, in his ââ¬Å"The Reflection,â⬠Taylor says ââ¬Å"Earthâ⬠was previously a ââ¬Å"Paradise of Heaven. â⬠In the two examples, Edward Taylor calls one thing something to help stress the message he is attempting to depict, in any case, his analogy in ââ¬Å"Meditation Oneâ⬠is progressively successful as it mirrors a more noteworthy thought. Edward Taylorââ¬â¢s utilization of allegory in ââ¬Å"Meditation Oneâ⬠and ââ¬Å"The Reflectionâ⬠shows how he utilized representations to think about a significant theme in his sonnet to something increasingly relatable, yet his analogy in ââ¬Å"Meditation Oneâ⬠is progressively powerful as it depicts a more noteworthy message. Edward Taylorââ¬â¢s utilization of Metaphor in ââ¬Å"Meditation Oneâ⬠depicts his message of Gods ceaseless love for us. In Line 7, Edward Taylor begins the sentence of by saying ââ¬Å"Oh, Matchless Love!filling Heaven to the Brim!â⬠Taylor looks at the unique love of God to water, as he says it will fill paradise ââ¬Å"to the brim.â⬠By utilizing the action word ââ¬Å"filling,â⬠the peruser naturally considers something progressively relatable as far as anyone is concerned, water in setting to a beverage. At the point when one pours water in, the water fills the cup. At last, through his word usage decision and utilization of analogy, Taylor considers Godââ¬â¢s love to be something that fills humanitiesââ¬â¢ needs. Since it can fill ââ¬Å"Heaven,â⬠it can fill our spirits with a ceaseless euphoria. This is the reason Edward Taylorââ¬â¢s utilization of analogy is so viable, it ulaitmely prompts a greater, increasingly significant end that can be handily inferred through his relatable models. This representation, in contrast with the one in ââ¬Å"The Reflectionâ⬠, is progressively viable as it assumes a crucial job in the foundation of a significant topic in the sonnet. Edward Taylorââ¬â¢s utilization of similitude in ââ¬Å"The Reflectionâ⬠depicts his message that Earth was at one time a glorious spot until it was ruined with transgression. In Line 19, Edward Taylor begins the sentence off by saying ââ¬Å"Earth onceâ was Paradise of Heaven Below.â⬠1Divine life, living and dead, whatever the case might be, existed on Earth at one timeframe, until the corruptness of wrongdoing assumed control over the Godly world. In this analogy, Edward Taylor says that Earth once ââ¬Å"wasâ⬠a Paradise of Heaven Below, or, at the end of the day, that Earth was at one time a Heavenly spot. For this situation, Taylorââ¬â¢s allegory is substantially more straightforward, he calls one thing something different. The metaphorââ¬â¢s principle puropose for this situation is to call earth, in a past time, a Godly spot, until the evil idea of Adam and Eve prompted the abolishment of Earthââ¬â¢s divineness Due to its shortsighted nature, and th e message that it underscores, this similitude isn't as powerful as the past illustration. Taking everything into account, Edward Taylor utilizes illustration to perfection.2 To think brillianty and to compose splendidly are two totally various things, and Edward Taylor does both. In the two cases, Edward Taylor utilizes similitude to call one thing something different. In ââ¬Å"Meditation One,â⬠He calls Godââ¬â¢s love water, and in ââ¬Å"The Reflection,â⬠considers Earth a once Divine spot. At last, in ââ¬Å"Meditation One,â⬠his utilization of Metaphor is progressively successful on the grounds that it passes on an increasingly significant message of Godââ¬â¢s verifiable love for us.
Thursday, June 4, 2020
Essay on ââ¬ÅApplied Behavior Analysis Treatment for Autism Spectrum Disordersââ¬Â
Essay on ââ¬Å"Applied Behavior Analysis Treatment for Autism Spectrum Disordersâ⬠Abstract. This paper focuses on how Applied Behavioral Analysis (ABA) is used to treat and manage autism spectrum disorders. Thus, the paper appraises ABA, discussing its important components and how it works. The paper also succinctly discusses about the autism spectrum disorders. Finally, the paper concludes with an analysis of how ABA is used to treat autism spectrum disorders. Applied Behavior Analysis Treatment for Autism Spectrum Disorders. Studies have shown that one of the most effective modes of intervention in ASD (Autism Spectrum Disorders) is Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA). ABA is also termed behavioral treatment or behavioral intervention. According to the research done by Wynn Groen (2010), ABA produces comprehensive and long-term improvements in the most essential skill areas in children who have ASD, notwithstanding their age (p 809). Laving (2010) stated that the main objective of ABA as applied to ASD is to maximize the successes, while concurrently, reducing the failures (p763). ABA techniques make use of scientific principles, based on current behavioral learning theorems, to alter conducts in ASD patients by fostering socially-constructive repertoires and minimizing the problematical ones. ABA is a structure-based intervention that places much emphasis on the use of precise high-intensity teaching techniques to enhance language skills (such as imitation, cooperation and attention), and ensure that the a ffected children do obtain a collection of constructive manners (Wynn Groen, 2010). ASD, also termed as PDD (Pervasive Developmental Disorder), is an intense long-term developmental disability which normally manifests itself during the early childhood period. It incorporates a cluster of developmental disorders together with their associated symptoms that have varying levels of intensity.ASD is neuro-behavioral in nature, thus, its effects are severe. Usually, ASD is diagnosed in the child before he or she is three years old. It cause the effects outlined below. Restricted repetitive patterns of behavior characterized by obsession with the sensory features of physical entities. There are impairments in social affinity, with the most common feature being inability to establish and maintain proper peer relationships. There is delayed development of cognitive functions, thus cognitive impairment occurs. Also, there is impairment in communication, both verbal and non-verbal, as evidenced by absent or delayed development of spoken language (Pearson, 2011). It has been postulated that ASD is caused by a neuro-developmental and neuro-operational dysfunction in the brain, though its correlation with the associated behavioral manifestations are still unclear. Also, epidemiological studies have shown a strong correlation between ASD and psychiatric disorders that are genetic in origin, with the hereditary factor in ASD being greater than 90%. It affects boys more than girls with a gender disparity ratio of 4:1, though no scientific model based on genetic studies has been able to explain this discrepancy. The ASD spectrum encompasses autistic disorder, Rettââ¬â¢s disorder, Aspergerââ¬â¢s disorder, Childhood Disintegrative Disorder and PDD-NOS (Pervasive Developmental Disorder-Not Otherwise Specified). The common comorbidities associated with ASD are intellectual disabilities, lack of functional speech, behavioral disorders (such as obsessive compulsive disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity syndrome, tics and self-injurious behaviors), anxiety, depression and Bipolar disorder. Screening for ASD is done at two levels; Level I screening with involves developmental surveillance, and Level II screening which involves diagnostic evaluation and comprehensive investigations for developmental disorders (Pearson, 2011). Treatment for ASD can be categorized into two levels. The first level is the treatment of core symptoms, and this involves addressing the developmental, educational, and behavioral requirements of the individual with ASD. The second level of management involves other forms of treatment, such as physical, speech and occupational therapies, which are indispensable in the management of autistic disorder but they do not treat other disorders, for instance, developmental delays (Pearson, 2011). ABA is a treatment program that basically makes use of repetitive reinforcements to teach particular skills to the students, while concurrently, minimizing and/or eradicating the inappropriate behaviors (Mendelsohn, 2010). The nine principles of ABA are outlined below. First of all, there must be an individual program for each and every student. Each program must correspond to the strengths and needs of the student. The second principle is task analysis which involves the assessment for tasks (or skills) that need to be taught. These tasks are then broken down into steps that can be easily taught. The third principle is discrete trial and prompting, which involves teaching each step individually. Fourthly, reinforcement is used to fortify each step taught. Reinforcement involves motivating the students by use of rewards. The fifth principle is repetition and prompts fading. This involves frequent practice of each step until the student masters the required skills. Skill development is the sixth principle. It involves integrating each step systematically until the student can complete the whole task autonomously. The seventh principle is data collection, and this involves frequent compilation of factua l information with the aim of monitoring the progress of the student, in terms of acquisition of the required skills, and, the effectiveness of the program as a whole. The eighth principle is generalization. This involves teaching the student how to perform the whole task at different times, among different kinds of people and in different settings. The ninth principle is developmental skill building. Here the learnt skills are integrated developmentally with the aim of building a strong foundation that will serve as the basis for inspiration for self-initiated long-term learning. Thus, ABA describes how to teach (Mendelsohn, 2010). ABA has seven characteristics or dimensions which are explained below. The applied characteristics takes into consideration the short-term behavioral change, effects of these behavioral change in the person with ASD with regards to interpersonal interactions between him or her and the family, close relatives, educators and the general public. The second dimension is behavioral change, and this behavioral change must be measured using objective parameters and not non-behavioral substitutes. The analytical dimension in the applied setting is demonstrated by behavioral control and maintenance of moral ethical standards. The technological characteristic implies that the descriptions made in ABA studies or researches are detailed, clear and precise. Hence, such studies can be replicated by a researcher. The conceptually systematic characteristic involves the utilization of procedures and interventions; and the interpretation of the obtained results within the limits of the principles of t he procedures employed. The dimension of effectiveness analyses the practicability of ABA procedures in treating ASD and achieving the essential practical or social objectives. Finally, the generality dimension involves maintenance or continued gradual changes and enhancements of a particular skill after the behavioral interventions, for that specific skill, has been withdrawn for a significant period (Mendelsohn, 2010). ABA treatment of ASD involves the three step procedure explained below. First of all, there is the antecedent which involves the use of tact, mand, intraverbals, autoclitics; or physical/verbal stimulus, for instance, a request or command. Secondly, there is the response to the stimulus, such as a specific resultant behavioral response to a specific stimulus or lack of response to that particular stimulus. Finally, there is the consequence, which is either the establishment of a positive reinforcement, or lack of response for an inappropriate behavior. The behavior is measured using the following parameters: repeatability, temporal extent, temporal locus and derivative measures (Wynn Groen, 2010). The skills in ABA are divided into small discrete tasks which are subsequently taught using prompts that gradually fade out as the required skills are grasped. Positive reinforcement is done using verbal praise or any tangible object that the student considers rewarding. Punishments are normally discouraged, but non-injurious methods of punishment such as a light spray of water on the face, may be used as a mode of intervention in a child who is engaging in activities that may cause self-injury (Wynn Groen, 2010). Individual programming has two main components: the curriculum and the ABA teaching methods. The curriculum for students with ASD mostly caters for the areas that need attention. These areas include communication, difficult behaviors, language development, independent functioning, life skills, leisure and play skills; and, social interaction and emotional development. Hence, the ABA teaching methods encompasses the following strategies: prompt, fading, task analysis, discrete trail training, shaping and chaining, pivotal response training, modeling, social scripting or script fading, video instruction, priming, incidental teaching, and structured peer-play interactions (Mendelsohn, 2010). Reinforcement in ABA is a systematic consequence aimed at increasing the frequency of desirable behavior, not just using rewards to motivate the student. Thus, reinforcement must be linked directly to the values of the student, and needs to be planned and monitored closely. The procedure for reinforcement is as follows. Initially, the behavior that needs to be modified is selected. Next, the most potent reinforces that will alter this behavior are selected. The reinforcements are then made immediately when the behavior under consideration is manifested. The reinforcement is more effective when the reinforcer follows the behavior closely. Lastly, data on that specific behavior is collected prior to, for the duration of and subsequent to the teaching strategy or intervention that had been put in place for monitoring the progress of the student (Mendelsohn, 2010). The data collection tools of ABA are more useful than the common assessment methods. The assessment methods used in the teaching strategy include the following: data collection and graphing, benchmarks, checklists, rubrics, running records, anecdotal records and video recording. The following measurements are used during data collection: frequency of demonstration of the required skills, the number of times these skills were done appropriately, duration of time of the execution of these skills, measurement of how much prompting is utilized in skill development, and the ration of correct to incorrect responses. Data is collected during three occasions; prior to, during and subsequent to teaching. Prior to teaching data collection is used to establish the baseline for skill development. Data that is collected during teaching is used to assess the effectiveness of the materials and teaching strategies used, and the progress of the acquisition of the required skills. Data collection subs equent to teaching is used to assess skill acquisition and the maintenance of the acquired skills, for example, can the student demonstrate the skills several months after it was taught? The collected data is then recorded (Mendelsohn, 2010). The recorded data is used for troubleshooting and decision-making processes. Troubleshooting involves searching for patterns in various aspects of school programming and in the school environment that slow down the standard rate of progress, and initiating the necessary systematic changes (Mendelsohn, 2010). In generalization, the educators must frequently change the materials in order for the student to develop a broader concept of the skill being taught. The standard rule in generalization is that a skill must be demonstrated or performed in at least three different settings, with three different individuals and at three different times using various teaching materials and teaching aids. Also, the skill is considered to be mastered or leant effectively when the student can demonstrate the skill correctly and independently in 9 out of every 10 attempts (Mendelsohn, 2010). An effective ABA teaching strategy must put into consideration plans for transitions. Examples of transition in an individual with ASD includes transition into a new school setting, between grade levels, between different activities in different settings, transition from high school life into adulthood and life transitions in general. An effective plan encompasses the following two features; identification of the transition challenges for the student and setting up of clear goals and a teaching stratagem for managing and addressing these challenges(Wynn Groen, 2010).
Sunday, May 17, 2020
A Short Note On Short Paper Application Of Laws - 1236 Words
M6A1 - Short Paper Application of Laws K-LiWin Consulting has been contacted by four distinct companies to advise them on their information management needs as related to security. Each company has differing needs based on the regulation and laws pertaining to their specific industry. Each student should provide a thorough review of one of the laws listed above. They should prepare a report and make a presentation as to the provisions, if any, that apply to the associated company. In the case of laws that may have an impact on multiple companies, the student should determine which provisions apply to which company. Each report should at a minimum give an overview of the law, define the provisions impacting the respective company orâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦The newly hired Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) has a background in finance, but not in information management and has poor comprehension of information security (Whitman Mattord, 2010). He realized his lack of proficiency and engaged K-LiWin Consultin g to ensure compliance with all pertinent laws and regulations (Whitman Mattord, 2010). The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), is a set of standards for guarding sensitive patient data. Any establishment that has transactions using protected health information (PHI) will safeguard that all the required physical, network, and process security procedures are in place and fully followed (Whitman Mattord, 2010). This would include anyone who provides treatment, payment and operations in healthcare. This would also include business associates and anyone with access to patient information and provides support in treatment, payment or operations (Whitman Mattord, 2010). Any subcontractors, or business associates of business associates, are also held to this compliance (Whitman Mattord, 2010). The HIPAA law and its parts have requirements for the transmittal, storage, and privacy of health care information. Within the area of information security, there are e ighteen information security standards and come under three separate areas (What is HIPAA
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Deutsche Bank Summer Internship Report - 8801 Words
SUMMER INTERNSHIP PROJECT REPORT Company name: Deutsche Bank Title of the report: Private Banking and Wealth Management Area of Research: Marketing Internship start and finish dates: 5th March 2012 ââ¬â 30th April 2012 NAME Akarshak Tanwar Batch IIPM PGP-B : SS (11-13) SECTION SA-2 ID No. D1113SSIIPMPGPB10024 (JAI-8-CT-1187) ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I, Akarshak Tanwar, would like to express my thanks and gratitude to the organization Deutsche Bank for giving me this opportunity for working as a summer management trainee and all those, with whose guidance, cooperation and sincere advice, I have been able to draw and complete my report entitled ââ¬Å"Private Banking and Wealth Managementâ⬠with reference to Deutsche Bank. Iâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Long gone has the time that such purpose remains the only viable responsibility of a bank. People invest in mutual funds, open new accounts and gain long-term interests, and so many other things through the help of banks. In short, not only does the bank gain from their loyal customers, the customers in return also gain huge benefits and develop a sense of belonging and long-term relationship with their bank and bankers. Thatââ¬â¢s why it is important to be honest and open to your customers. This report also tells in detail about the Private banking and wealth management services that are being implemented by Deutsche bank for their customers. We also delve deeper into the Private banking services being implemented by Deutsche bank on global level and area level (Gurgaon branch, to be specific). RESEARCH OBJECTIVES AND METHODOLOGY Primary objectives : 1. Why do banks provide Private banking and wealth management services? What services are provided by Deutsche bank in particular? 2. Are these services actually beneficial? How exactly do they benefit the customers? 3. How does Private banking differ from other services? 4. What kinds of risks are involved? Secondary objectives : 1. Do only banks provide these services? 2. Where is all the money invested/allocated/distributed? 3. How do banks and their clients develop strong relationships? 4. Does being honest help you to do this work better, or do you needShow MoreRelatedIntroduction to Debt Capital Markets1576 Words à |à 7 PagesWill from the Inbetweeners RBS00000 3 Xin Miao ââ¬â 2nd Year Analyst, DCM Appears geared towards Investment bankingâ⬠¦ didnââ¬â¢t know what they were! Education Work Experience â⬠¢ â⬠¢ â⬠¢ LSE BSc in Accounting Finance RBS Easter internship (DCM) RBS Summer internship (FI DCM) Current Role â⬠¢ RBS Graduate programme ââ¬â First rotation: Investment grade corporate bond origination ââ¬â Second rotation (outside DCM): Energy Resources sector RBS00000 4 RBS Investment Banking Model GBM Read MoreStress in Banking Industry1244 Words à |à 5 Pagesresulted from their workload. 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Tuesday, May 5, 2020
Sex education 2 Essay Example For Students
Sex education 2 Essay Sex education 2 Sex Education is Ineffective Perhaps one of the most controversial issues arising today is that of sex education in Americas public school system. In todays world, where information travels at the speed of light and mass media is part of our everyday lives, teenagers are more exposed to this world than ever before. In this country, teens have access to television, newspapers, and of course, internet. Sometimes, teenagers can misinterpret what they see in the media regarding sex and make unwise decisions, such as having unprotected sex. Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and teenage pregnancies is a growing problem in the U. S. Every year, one million girls aged 15 to 19 become pregnant each year in this country alone (Schools Skimping 13). Sex education was introduced to help solve the problem of STDs and teen pregnancies by giving teenagers real facts and correct information about sex. Teenagers can therefore make wise and safe choices about sex. However, there are major flaws in sex education. While it is extremely important to educate teenagers about sex and sexuality, putting sex education in the American educational system in not the correct solution. Sex education is flawed in that it is ineffective when it comes to lowering teenage pregnancies and STDs because sex education programs leave out important information, teachers who teach it are unqualified, and because teenagers are more greatly affected by their parents, peers, and popular media than by their teachers. There is a myth that sex education provides teenagers with good and important information. Sex education supposedly gives students the means to make responsible and wise decisions. Pamela DeCarlo, from the Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, is a firm believer in sex education, and believes it must be taught in order to reduce the spread of STDs and teenage pregnancies (DeCarlo). According an article in USA Today, however, Congress passed in 1996 a legislation allocating two hundred and fifty million dollars to fund sex education programs. These programs excluded medically accurate information about birth control and STDs (Schools Skimping 13). These programs cannot possibly hope to have any significant benefits. Teenagers are deprived from getting the type of information they need about sex. The whole purpose of sex education is to educate teenagers about sex and help lower teenage pregnancies and the spread of diseases. If these so-called sex-education programs are lacking in information about birth control and STDs, then it defeats the whole purpose of having sex education in the first place. Another argument that is often made is sex education provides teenagers with the type of information that they cannot receive from a parent. The argument is that sex education provides students with qualified instructors to help answer questions that might have been too embarrassing to ask a parent. According to a Teen Talk survey taken by Durex Consumer Products, a manufacturer of condoms, teenagers are more likely to talk to their parents only about dating and relationship issues. Only about thirty percent of them talk to their parents about buying or using contraceptives (Schools Skimping 13). However, most teachers who teach sex education are unqualified. Barbara Dafoe Whitehead, vice-president of the Institute for American Values, says, Principals have to do little more than buy a sex-education curriculum and enroll the coach or home-economics teacher in a training workshop, and their school has a sex-education program (Whitehead). It is unsettling to think of how just anyone can teach a program. Workshops cannot possibly provide teachers with enough skill and expertise to adequately educate teenagers about sex. Workshops, at most, would only cover the basics, which would put teenagers at a loss if they ever wanted to know something that was not taught in the workshop. It seems that sex education is not taken very seriously, considering that math and English teachers need degrees in their respective subjects in order to teach it, whereas sex education teachers need no such requirement. Until sex education teachers are more adequately trained, the responsibility of educating teenagers about sex should lie with the parents. Since many teens may be too embarrassed to initiate a conversation about sex, the parent should be the one to bring up the subject. Although parents, too, .
Sunday, April 19, 2020
Themes Essays - Greek Mythology, Ancient Greece, Operas, Antigone
Themes The three major themes are love, loyalty, and irony; the most major theme being irony. Antigone's love for her brother, Polyneices, was so strong, she died for him. Haemon's love for Antigone was so strong, he died with her death. Eurydice's love for her son, Haemon, was so strong, she died with his death. Creon's guilt and love for his wife and son was so strong, he felt he should not go on living after their death. ". . . I speak for you, for me, and for the spirits of the dead. . . The dead? Precisely--you'll never marry her alive. . .Well then, dead--one death beckoning to another. . . " This is part of a conversation between Creon and Haemon while Haemon is standing up for Antigone. Love is constantly being shown through the book. Another quote from the book is said by the Strophe I: ". . . Love, unquelled in battle, Love making nonsense of wealth, Pillowed all night on the cheek of a girl, You roam seas, pervade the wilds, And in a Shepherd's hut you lie. Shadowing immotal gods, You dog ephemeral man--Madness your possession. . . " Another theme is loyalty, which is mostly the same as the theme of love. By loving someone, therefore you are also loyal to them. It follows the same cronilogical order as the theme of love: Polyneices' death brings out Antigone's loyalty, which brings upon her death, which then brings out Haemon's loyalty to Antigone, which brings upon his death, which shows Eurydice's loyalty to her son, which brings about her death, then finally the guilt and grief of Creon. Also, Antigone had to choose which family member to stay loyal to: Creon, her uncle, or Polyneices, her brother. The major theme of the story is irony. Irony is when the meaning of the speakers words are opposite of his actions, which is exactly what is portrayed in this story. To further explain the theme, I will take quotes from the book, and explain them as I go along. The first quote is from Creon. ". . . You wait and see! The toughest will is the first to break: like the hard untempered steel which snaps and shivers at a touch when hot from off the forge. . . She and her sister will not now escape the utmost penalty. . ." There he is contradicting himself by saying people should bend and be lenient, but he won't even give his niece her life. Her sister and future husband, which is Creon's son, all try to convince him to let her go, but he won't bend. The second quote is from Haemon. ". . . But a wise man is flexible, has much to learn without loss of dignity. See the tree in floodtime, how they bend along the torrent's course, and how their twigs and branches so not snap, but stubborn trees are torn up roots and all. In sailing too, when fresh weather blows, a skipper who will not slaken sail, turns turtle, finishes his voyage beam-ends up. . ." His words are trying to tell his father that he must bend the rules, and let Antigone go free, and hinting at some consequenses.
Sunday, March 15, 2020
Free Essays on Price & Promotion Analysis
In these modern times of technology many companies have to use different strategies to compete with online shopping. Hallmark is one of them. There are many people who send cards and gifts and flowers online. Hallmark themselves have a web site that you can purchase cards, gifts and flowers. But Hallmark must also support their franchised stores. So they have to come up with ways to bring the customers into the stores. They use print, television, direct mail and internet to do this. They started a couple of years ago, when along with other retail stores offering the ââ¬Å"Hallmark Gold Crown Cardâ⬠. This was a courtesy card to their customers and it could be used in any Gold Crown Hallmark store in the United States. This gave the customer points for cards they purchased and dollar amount spent. Then every three months they send you dollar amount coupons in the mail to use in the store on any Hallmark product. You also get a $5.00 coupon for your birthday. If you make suggestions and Hallmark likes the idea they will send you a $20 coupon. Everyone loves getting mail that has coupons attached and can be used for money. So when a Gold Crown Card holder sees a Hallmark mailing they know they are getting something good inside. The card has increased the customer traffic but they needed another way to draw more. So they started offering promotions at different times during the year. They usually coincided with the current holiday. Right now the current promotional items are for two types of bunnies for the Easter holiday. Valentineââ¬â¢s Day there was a heart shaped box with three scented candles in them. At Christmas there were holiday plates and Christmas books for the children. The promotional items are appealing to the customers. Other promotional items might be: card holders, stationary items, potpourri, candle holders or even puzzles or games. They can be given as gifts or kept for oneself. A Hall... Free Essays on Price & Promotion Analysis Free Essays on Price & Promotion Analysis In these modern times of technology many companies have to use different strategies to compete with online shopping. Hallmark is one of them. There are many people who send cards and gifts and flowers online. Hallmark themselves have a web site that you can purchase cards, gifts and flowers. But Hallmark must also support their franchised stores. So they have to come up with ways to bring the customers into the stores. They use print, television, direct mail and internet to do this. They started a couple of years ago, when along with other retail stores offering the ââ¬Å"Hallmark Gold Crown Cardâ⬠. This was a courtesy card to their customers and it could be used in any Gold Crown Hallmark store in the United States. This gave the customer points for cards they purchased and dollar amount spent. Then every three months they send you dollar amount coupons in the mail to use in the store on any Hallmark product. You also get a $5.00 coupon for your birthday. If you make suggestions and Hallmark likes the idea they will send you a $20 coupon. Everyone loves getting mail that has coupons attached and can be used for money. So when a Gold Crown Card holder sees a Hallmark mailing they know they are getting something good inside. The card has increased the customer traffic but they needed another way to draw more. So they started offering promotions at different times during the year. They usually coincided with the current holiday. Right now the current promotional items are for two types of bunnies for the Easter holiday. Valentineââ¬â¢s Day there was a heart shaped box with three scented candles in them. At Christmas there were holiday plates and Christmas books for the children. The promotional items are appealing to the customers. Other promotional items might be: card holders, stationary items, potpourri, candle holders or even puzzles or games. They can be given as gifts or kept for oneself. A Hall...
Thursday, February 27, 2020
Annual report about apple company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words
Annual report about apple company - Essay Example In order to provide differentiated and unique products, the company engages in innovation each year providing their consumers with products that use groundbreaking technology whose introduction to the market is backed by an effective marketing and advertisement strategy. Consequently, a combination of these approaches ensures that Apple Incââ¬â¢s products become synonymous with cult-brands. Nonetheless, it is important to identify the objectives of the company in order to understand the marketing and advertisement strategy that the company uses to promote its products. Through providing innovative hardware, software, services, and peripherals, the companyââ¬â¢s objective is to bring out the best user experiences by providing differentiated and unique products in terms of design and the operating systems, which sets them apart from the competitors (Apple Inc. 2012). For this reason, the innovation the company engages in provides consumers with new products and services that are superior in quality while being easy to use, provide seamless integration, and provide innovative designs. In effect, innovation has helped the company gain competitive advantage in the industry since its strategic approach ensures that the company produces differentiated products that provide it with a competitive edge whose innovations are not as unique and differentiated as Apple products. In the contemporary society, it is evident that information and technological innovations keep on evolving with various companies frequently producing new product offering. For this reason, companies operating in this sector face stiff competition due to these new products and services on offer. Nonetheless, a good marketing strategy ensures that Apple Inc. is able to compete effectively in the competitive business environment while also maintaining a competitive edge over its competitors. In order to effectively position the company to consumers in this competitive sector, the company has focu sed their marketing strategy by providing products with appealing designs, focused their product offering, and provided designs and products that are easy to use for their consumers (McDonald and Keegan 2002). Other than offering differentiated products, Apple Inc. practice market segmentation by dividing their marketing offering into five distinct segments. These segments are the consumer segment, Small and Medium-sized Business segment, education segment, enterprise segment, and government segment with each market segment provided with unique products from the company that meet the needs and preferences of consumers in each segment (Apple Inc. 2012). Under the education segment, the company offers products to consumers in educational institutions with the products on offer providing them with the requisite knowledge and set of skills that enhance their learning. In addition, the company offers special pricing for consumers in this category. On the other hand, government agencies a lso offer various products and services that specifically meet their needs and objectives of offering services to the public in a seamless approach. Similarly, other segments of the markets that the company offers are unique to the company seeking to provide products meant for each market segment with these products meeting the specific needs of the customers under
Tuesday, February 11, 2020
The Piano Lession Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words
The Piano Lession - Essay Example Berniece is very stalwart in upholding family traditions. She has been very close to her father. She and her father had developed an obsession for the piano. Bernieceââ¬â¢s perspective on piano shows her being very keen to preserve the past of her family. She resents racism too but protests against it within the limits of reasonability. The piano has the carving of her familyââ¬â¢s history in the shape of pictures, blood and tears. These are invaluable for Berniece and she does not want to let go any part of that. In her point of view, her father stole the piano because he wanted to get close to the engravings that were on it. It shows that she has great love and respect for her familyââ¬â¢s past and history. She also respects the feelings of her ancestors. She acts as a guard for her familyââ¬â¢s past. She does not want the piano to be sold and thinks that her father would have approved her intentions. Berniece is a cleaning lady and she accepts the world the way it is. She has lost her husband and she blames Boy Willie for that. She has lost very much and all she is left with is the pleasant memories of the past. She chose to live close to the piano just like her mother, Mama Ola. She goes through almost the same type of tragedy that her mother had faced. She loves her mother very much which is shown by her cleaning of Mama Olaââ¬â¢s picture with love (Act 1, Scene 1, Part 1). Her decision of not agreeing to sell the piano shows that she is very attached to the memories of the past and the legacy of her family. She is so much attached to her past that she does not heed to the offer of Avery to court her (Act 2, Scene 2). She does not want her daughter, Maretha, to suffer from a similar nostalgia which is why she has not told her anything about what the carvings on the piano mean (Act 2, Scene 5). Boy Willie wants to sell the antique piano to buy the land in which his ancestors worked as slaves. His perspective on the piano describes his nature. He shows utter disregard for the family traditions. He thinks that if he sells the piano and is able to purchase the Sutterââ¬â¢s land, he would avenge his father and live at the ââ¬Å"topâ⬠of life. His father was also as reckless as he is. He thinks that if he is able to sell the piano, his fatherââ¬â¢s wishes would be immortalized. It also suggests that his father is somewhat responsible for instilling a rash behavior in him. He looks at the piano as an object that can fulfill his desire to become rich. He thinks that his father would have done the same (Act 1, Scene 2, Part II). He does not care about what his family wants and upholds. He completely rejects the wishes of sister, Berniece. His decision to sell the piano shows his negative approach towards life which has made him a person who looks at easy ways to get rich rather than by working hard. Boy Willie thinks that the only way to stand neck to neck with the white people is to become wealthy. This is a common belief among the suppressed races of the world that they can get respect if they become wealthy. Boy Willie thinks that the white people have no right to look down on him and must treat him with respect. He can get his due respect by becoming rich and selling the piano is his only chance at that. He is a person who has received a lot of mental suffering due to the racism between blacks and whites. He has a lot of hatred for white people. His father worked for the white people all his life. He holds the
Friday, January 31, 2020
Los Angeles Independent Media Causes Essay Example for Free
Los Angeles Independent Media Causes Essay The Los Angeles Independent Media Center is a website that allows for left wing issues to be reported and shared on the web for all to see. They have over two dozen different categories that people have reported on ranging from animal rights and anti-war to immigration and indigenous rights and issues. Arizona has a proportionally large number of illegal immigrants working in the state just like California. Naturally this was one of the categories that caught my eye. When reading some of the article I came across a story from 2007. It was a march in Los Angeles (LA) in which mostly immigrants participated. They were marching because they wanted to be treated just as fairly as the legal citizens of the United States. They preached that they have been working just as hard to contribute to the economy of this country. There are two sides to any story and this is true in this case as well. On one hand they are doing the jobs that normal Americans do not want to do but others argue that they are here illegally and should not have the same rights as legal Americans. These two sides will be debated for years to come until someone can come up with a reasonable solution that will satisfy both side. The idea of illegal ââ¬Å"under the tableâ⬠help is too engrained within our society that it would be impossible to eliminate the issue over night. Not only are illegal immigrants fighting for their rights, but in some cases so are Americans. In California Wal-Mart would contract with temporary job agencies to fill jobs working in warehouses. These workers can be exposed to toxic chemicals and extreme heat conditions. They are also sometimes not given the wages that they were promised. Because Wal-Mart uses third party companies to supply the labor they have in the part denied any wrong doing in the situation. Of course in this case there are no unions to represent the workers and them facing the threat of losing their job if they express their dissatisfaction of their working conditions. Some groups are not even worried with the thought of having a job; they just want to protect areas that have existed for hundreds of years. Kuruvungna means: ââ¬Å"A place where we are in the sunâ⬠in the Tongva language. For thousands of years the Tongva people lived here in relative peace and harmony with their environment until the European invasion of the Americas. (Sunday, 2012) In 1992 a group of environmentalists was able to secure a piece of land that was located on a public schoolââ¬â¢s property for the low cost of one dollar a year. This piece of property contained a natural spring that once belonged to the Tongva people before they were forcefully removed. The spring is said to have natural healing powers as well as native fish species, fresh water crayfish, a 200 year old Mexican Cypress tree, oak trees, hummingbird sage and other native grasses. The group is trying to secure another long term lease for the same price. One of the more controversial issues of our times is the use of genetically modified foods for consumption. These foods consist of simple fruits and vegetable to more complex animals like cows and pigs. One major reason behind this is that scientists can modify items to produce more nutrient rich foods for consumption. Scientists can also produce animals that can be modified to produce medicine, organs for transplant, meat or even engineered pets. It seems like a good idea to have enough organs and such to go around so that way no one would have to wait for a transplant and in the long run saving human lives. The biggest debate is to determine whether a human life is more important than that of an animal. This debate has been going on for some time now and will probably keep going on especially since the US Food and Drug Administration has taken steps to allow for the sale of genetically engineered animals. One of the biggest issues we have in America is politicians supporting special interest groups and not the constituents they were elected to represent. The City of Fullerton California was faced with a lawsuit from a construction company after denying the companyââ¬â¢s proposal to develop a more suburban sprawl in one of the last bits of natural ecosystems in Orange County. Initially the city council had voted to deny the request from the company. In a strange turn of events, a year later the city voted to settle with the company and approve the proposal. Currently citizens have collected signatures to get a referendum on the next ballot to hopefully overturn the cityââ¬â¢s decision. Every year across the country we hear about budget cuts in the education system. Along with the cuts we also hear of colleges increasing tuition to cover basic costs. So the question remains how can a school cut costs because it does not have money yet at the same time raise tuition? People finally had enough and all across the country students were walking out of class in protest and joined their community members in protests at superintendentsââ¬â¢ offices, city councils and board meetings to express their concern with all of the cuts that have happened. In recent months teachers have joined the effort, which has become inspiring that they seem to not have a concern for their jobs while they protest. Alas, the protests have had little success as we still see cuts being made and tuition is still being raised semester after semester. America is in the middle of a war and with that comes anti-war protests. Different groups have tried to use different tactics to draw attention to their cause. One group protests on thanksgiving while others have protested on Christmas ask the question: what would Jesus choose? One of the more powerful messages came from a group back in 2009. They staged a mock funeral precession honoring those American and Iraqi people who have died during the war time period. These protests have been so powerful that the president vowed to end the war if he was elected. The baby boomer generation has grown up with the knowledge that if they want their voice heard then they organize a protest or a walk. After a bad statement from a Canadian police officer in 2001, large groups of women took to the streets to get the word out about sexual assaults. The groups organized what they called a ââ¬Å"Slut Walk. It is one of those situations in which they should have thought about how the name of their walk could be portrayed within the community. These walks have occurred throughout the world to include the US, Canada, UK, Australia and several European countries. These walks have had support from several large human rights groups such as Planned Parenthood, CA National Organization for Women and Peace over Violence. There are many different subjects for people to post article on that would spark criminal acts and public disorder. These subjects include Anti-War, Class War, Immigration, Police State, and Racism. These are all catalysts for groups to recruit people who believe in their cause. The best part about the website is that people can post at any time they wish. It also helps that the website has multiple links to other cities, states and foreign countries similar websites. This is crucial because it does not bog down the website with data and provides a worldwide platform for left wing issues and causes.
Thursday, January 23, 2020
The Myth of the Old West Essays -- American History, Cowboys
Over the years, the idea of the western frontier of American history has been unjustly and falsely romanticized by the movie, novel, and television industries. People now believe the west to have been populated by gun-slinging cowboys wearing ten gallon hats who rode off on capricious, idealistic adventures. Not only is this perception of the west far from the truth, but no mention of the atrocities of Indian massacre, avarice, and ill-advised, often deceptive, government programs is even present in the average citizenââ¬â¢s understanding of the frontier. This misunderstanding of the west is epitomized by the statement, ââ¬Å"Frederick Jackson Turnerââ¬â¢s frontier thesis was as real as the myth of the west. The development of the west was, in fact, A Century of Dishonor.â⬠The frontier thesis, which Turner proposed in 1893 at the Worldââ¬â¢s Columbian Exposition, viewed the frontier as the sole preserver of the American psyche of democracy and republicanism by co mpelling Americans to conquer and to settle new areas. This thesis gives a somewhat quixotic explanation of expansion, as opposed to Helen Hunt Jacksonââ¬â¢s book, A Century of Dishonor, which truly portrays the settlement of the west as a pattern of cruelty and conceit. Thus, the frontier thesis, offered first in The Significance of the Frontier in American History, is, in fact, false, like the myth of the west. Many historians, however, have attempted to debunk the mythology of the west. Specifically, these historians have refuted the common beliefs that cattle ranging was accepted as legal by the government, that the said business was profitable, that cattle herders were completely independent from any outside influence, and that anyone could become a cattle herder. In order to p... ...by the American government and rightfully rebelled. This rebellion, unlike the others, was successful, as Red Cloud forced the Bozeman Trail to be closed. Nonetheless, it demonstrates the American Governmentââ¬â¢s oppression of Native Americans. All in all, the treatment of the American Indian during the expansion westward was cruel and harsh. Thus, A Century of Dishonor conveys the truth about the frontier more so than the frontier thesis. Additionally, the common beliefs about the old west are founded in lies and deception. The despair that comes with knowing that people will continue to believe in these false ideas is epitomized by Terrellââ¬â¢s statement, ââ¬Å"Perhaps nothing will ever penetrate the haze of puerile romance with which writers unfaithful to their profession and to themselves have surrounded the westerner who made a living in the saddleâ⬠(Terrell 182).
Tuesday, January 14, 2020
Assessment and identification Essay
Assessment and identification are key elements in education, in particular, special education. Assessing students is essential to knowing where to begin with a student. No matter what the studentââ¬â¢s ability is or is being, they all need to be assessed. After the assessments are done and evaluated, a teacher should have a better understanding of what level of performance the students are in the classroom. More than likely not all students will perform equally. The child needs further identification, a teacher needs to initiate a meeting with that diagnostician and get the students started in the Response To Intervention (RTI) process. The child is identified and then an IEP (Individualized Educational Plan) is created at and ARD(Annual Review and Dismissal) meeting. For Emotional or behavioral disturbed students, a BIP (Behavior Intervention Plan) is usually utilized to assist the child and teacher to ââ¬Å"pinpointâ⬠troubled times of the day or particular settings that are not productive for that child and their learning process. Once the ARD meeting has taken place and the modifications have been approved and relayed to the teacher, the learning can begin. Learning can either be successful or not, depending on the approach and strategies used by the teacher. In order for the teacher to accommodate for students with learning disabilities, here she must use differentiated instruction and multilevel assessments. Not all students can learn or perform at the same level. One might suggest strategies or approaches, such as creating a syllabus allowing the students to know what will be covered and assignments that will be expected of them throughout the course. A calendar should accompany the syllabus to assist the visual learners. Technology could be used to present information, and to assess students. This method is especially helpful for a kinesthetic learner or one that has dyslexia. Visual learners could also benefit from the use of technology. Assessments need to be multidimensional with all learners in mind. Of course, the modification and accommodations should align with the studentââ¬â¢s IEP. Teachers must know how to create an assessment that is tailored for all learners and remember both the high and low scoring students. In all areas of instruction, whether it be the first time information is being presented or not, the assessment must be given in a way that is effective and efficient. They must always remember toâ⬠go as quickly as you can, but as slowly as you must. ââ¬
Monday, January 6, 2020
Who Are the Dalits
Even in the 21st century, an entire population in India and Hindu regions of Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, and Bangladesh is often considered contaminated from birth. Called Dalits, they face discrimination and even violence from members of higher castes, or traditional social classes, particularly in access to jobs, education, and marriage partners. Dalits, alsoà known as Untouchables, are members of the lowest social group in the Hindu caste system. The word Dalit, meaning oppressed or broken, is the name members of this group gave themselves in the 1930s. A Dalit actually is born below the caste system, which includes four primary castes: Brahmins (priests), Kshatriya (warriors and princes), Vaishya (farmers and artisans), and Shudra (tenant farmers and servants). Indias Untouchables Like the Eta outcasts in Japan, Indias Untouchables performed spiritually contaminating work that nobody else wanted to do, such as preparing bodies for funerals, tanning hides, and killing rats or other pests.à Doing anything with dead cattle or cowhides was particularly unclean in Hinduism. Under both Hindu and Buddhist beliefs, jobs that involved death corrupted the workers souls, making them unfit to mingle with other people. A group of drummers who arose in southern India called the Parayan were considered untouchable because their drumheads were made of cowhide. Even people who had no choice in the matter (those born of parents who were both Dalits) were not allowed to be touched by those of higher classes nor ascend the ranks of society. Because of their uncleanliness in the eyes of Hindu and Buddhist gods, they were banned from many places and activities, as ordained by their past lives. An Untouchable couldnt enter a Hindu temple or be taught to read. They were banned from drawing water from village wells because their touch would taint the water for everyone else. They had to live outside village boundaries and could not walk through the neighborhoods of higher caste members. If a Brahmin or Kshatriya approached, an Untouchable was expected to throw himself or herself face down on the ground, to prevent even their unclean shadows from touching the higher caste. Why They Were Untouchable Indians believed that people were born as Untouchables as punishment for misbehavior in previous lives. An Untouchable could not ascend to a higher caste within that lifetime; Untouchables had to marry fellow Untouchables and could not eat in the same room or drink from the same well as aà casteà member. In Hindu reincarnation theories, however, those who scrupulously followed these restrictions could be rewarded for their behavior by a promotion to a higher caste in their next life. The caste system and the oppression of Untouchables still hold some sway in Hindu populations. Even some non-Hindu social groups observe caste separation in Hindu countries. Reform and the Dalit Rights Movement In the 19th century, the ruling British Raj tried to end some aspects of the caste system in India, particularly those surrounding the Untouchables. British liberals saw the treatment of Untouchables as singularly cruel, perhaps in part because they usually didnt believe in reincarnation. Indian reformers also took up the cause. Jyotirao Phule coined the term Dalit as a more descriptive and sympathetic term for the Untouchables. During Indias push for independence, activists such as Mohandas Gandhi also took up the Dalits cause. Gandhi called them the Harijan, meaning children of God, to emphasize their humanity. Following independence in 1947, Indias new constitution identified groups of former untouchables as scheduled castes, singling them out for consideration and government assistance. As with the Meiji Japanese designation of former Hinin and Eta outcasts as new commoners, this emphasized the distinction rather than formally assimilating the traditionally downtrodden groups into society. Eighty years after the term was coined, the Dalits have become a powerful political force in India and enjoy greater access to education. Some Hindu temples allow Dalits to serve as priests. Although they still face discrimination from some quarters, the Dalits are untouchable no longer.ââ¬â¹
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